Calculation principles
We use standard geometric volume, unit conversion, energy and rate formulas. Intermediate values retain precision and displayed answers are rounded only at the end.
Metric and imperial units
Litres are the common reference value. US gallons and UK gallons are kept separate because one Imperial gallon is larger than one US gallon.
Equipment estimates
Heater and filtration results are planning baselines. Real performance changes with room temperature, media, pipe length, height, aquascape, livestock and maintenance. Manufacturer performance charts take priority.
Review and corrections
Formulas are checked against worked examples before publication. If a method changes, the calculator explanation is updated. Users can report an issue through the contact page.